What is whiplash?
Whiplash happens when your head is thrown forward and backward — like the crack of a whip — straining the muscles, ligaments and soft tissues of the neck. Rear-end crashes are the most common cause, but side impacts and sudden stops can also cause it.
Most people with whiplash improve with treatment over weeks or months, but some have pain, stiffness or headaches for much longer. Because whiplash rarely shows up on X-rays, documentation from your doctor and therapist is especially important.
What are the symptoms of whiplash?
Common whiplash symptoms include neck pain and stiffness, headaches and reduced range of motion — and they can be delayed.
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Headaches, often starting at the base of the skull
- Reduced range of motion in the neck
- Pain or tingling in the shoulders, arms or upper back
- Dizziness, fatigue or trouble concentrating
- Ringing in the ears or blurred vision
Adrenaline after a crash can mask pain. Many people feel fine at the scene and wake up stiff and sore the next day — or several days later.
Read more about delayed pain after a car accident.
Why does documenting treatment matter for a claim?
Insurers often question whiplash because it can be hard to see on imaging. A clear treatment record shows the injury is real.
- Get checked as soon as possible after the crash, even if you feel only a little sore.
- Tell your doctor about every symptom, including headaches and trouble sleeping.
- Follow your treatment plan — gaps in treatment are often used to argue an injury was minor.
- Keep a simple pain journal describing how the injury affects your daily life and work.
How is whiplash usually treated?
Treatment may include rest, ice or heat, over-the-counter or prescription pain relief, physical therapy, chiropractic care and exercises to restore movement. Your doctor will recommend what is right for you.
Claims often wait until you reach maximum medical improvement, so the full cost of the injury is known. See how long settlements take.